What Do Cigarette Filters Do
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Cigarette Filters
What are cigarettes and filters fabricated of?
Cigarettes are made from four components, each of which is depict beneath.
1. Filters
2. Tobacco
3. Additives
4. Cigarette wrapper
Cigarettes today are typically 85 or 100 mm long, and have diameters of nigh 8 mm. Their filters are unremarkably xx to 30 mm long, and so a typical cigarette has 55 to 80 mm of tobacco.
1. Filters:
Cigarette filters are specifically designed to absorb vapors and to accrue particulate smoke components. Filters also forestall tobacco from entering a smoker'due south rima oris and provide a mouthpiece that will not collapse equally the cigarette is smoked. Filters generally have the following components:
A "plug" of acetate cellulose filter tow
95% of cigarette filters are fabricated of cellulose acetate (a plastic), and the residual are made from papers and rayon. The cellulose acetate tow fibers are thinner than sewing thread, white, and packed tightly together to create a filter; they tin look like cotton fiber. Other materials accept been tried and rejected in favor of the sense of taste that acetate produces. Filters vary in filtration efficiency, depending on whether the cigarette is to be "low-cal" or regular.
| How many fibers are in a cigarette filter?
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An inner newspaper wrapper (plug wrap) and glue
The newspaper used to wrap the acetate cellulose plug is impervious to air for regular cigarettes, or is ventilated and very porous in "light" cigarettes, allowing more than air to enter the fume mix. A polyvinyl acetate emulsion is used as the mucilage to adhere the plug to the wrapper, and to seam the wrapper.An outer paper (tipping paper)
The tipping paper, oftentimes printed to look like cork, covers the filter plug and attaches the filter to the cavalcade of tobacco. Tipping newspaper is formulated to not adhere to the lips of smokers.Other Filter components
The filters of some cigarettes, such as Parliament, likewise contain charcoal equally an additional filtration agent. The "micronite filter" on Lorillard'due south' Kent brand cigarettes from 1952 to 1957 independent the deadliest class of asbestos - crocidolite. While advertisements at the time promoted the filter as making Kents healthier than other cigarettes, in that location are currently several lawsuits pending against Lorillard from families of smokers who died from a rare cancer acquired primarily past crocidolite.
two. Tobacco and Nicotine in Cigarettes:
Cultivated tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, is a member of the nightshade family of plants. It is a broadleaf native of tropical America that is cultivated equally an almanac. Depending on the type of tobacco and its growing location, the leaves of the tobacco constitute have different tastes, called-for backdrop, aromas, color, and nicotine content. Tobacco leaves contain several alkaloids (run into below), including the highly toxic alkaloid nicotine. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes habit in smokers according to the US Department of Wellness and Human Services.
Nicotine is a powerful insecticide and among the deadliest of all plant products in its pure form. Co-ordinate to the US Department of Wellness and Man Services, it raises blood pressure level, affects the fundamental nervous organization, and constricts blood vessels in humans. Nicotine is a colorless liquid that is highly soluble in h2o, and is readily absorbed through the skin in its pure course.
3. Additives to tobacco:
Potentially hundreds of additives are mixed with tobacco during the manufacturing procedure. Additives to smoking tobacco include flavorings and humectants that are used to go on tobacco moist. According to a publication written for the tobacco manufacture, additives tin constitute ten pct of the weight of the "tobacco" portion of a cigarette, and four per cent of the entire cigarette.
The complete list of i,400 potential tobacco additives, which include sweeteners and flavors such cocoa, rum, licorice, saccharide, and fruit juices is considered a merchandise secret. Since tobacco is not classified equally a food or drug, there are no legal maximums on agricultural chemicals or chemic additives cigarettes may incorporate.
A widely used cigarette additive is menthol with its ability to provide flavor and to serve as an anesthetic. When burned, many additives form new compounds, possessing unique properties. For example, glycerol produces acrolein, a chemical which has been found to interfere with the normal immigration of the lungs (Whelan, 1984)
"Tar" in cigarette filters:
The "tar" ofttimes referred to in connectedness with cigarettes is not a blackness petroleum tar product, but instead refers to the hundreds of substances and additives plant in tobacco. Tar, when absurd, is a pasty yellow-brown substance and the U.S. Department of Health and Human being Services states that it is composed of organic and inorganic chemicals, including some carcinogens. The U.Due south. Federal Trade Commission defines tar every bit "full particulate thing…less nicotine and h2o."
Contents of Cigarette Smoke:
When smoked, the tobacco and additives in a cigarette undergo complex chemic processes to form fume that contains more than 4000 chemicals, including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nicotine, ammonia, arsenic and vinyl chloride (U.S. Department of Wellness and Human Services, 1989). Forty-three constituents of tobacco smoke are known carcinogens including nitrosamines, quinoline, benzpyrene, cadmium, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, and hydrogen sulfide (U.Southward. Section of Health and Human Services, 1989, and other sources).
About Alkaloids:
According to The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Botany (editor: Michael Allaby, 1992), alkaloids are … "A group of basic, nitrogenous compounds of a complex nature. Alkaloids are derived from plants and have powerful pharmacological effects. More than thou alkaloids are known from 1200 plants species. Their role is uncertain simply in some species, they confer a degree of protection from insect attack. Pharmacologically powerful alkaloids derived from plants include cocaine, morphine, and strychnine."
4. Cigarette Wrapper and Glue
Generally, the paper used to wrap the tobacco is made grade flax or linen cobweb. Manufacturers add together diverse chemicals to the paper, including salts, monoammonium phosphate and sodium and potassium citrates to accelerate or control the burning rate. The burn charge per unit has an important effect on the number of puffs that can be obtained past the smoker, and the smoke yield. A whitening pigment—calcium carbonate—is added to the paper, partly to ensure the cosmos of an attractive ash as the cigarette burns (Browne, 1990). The wrappers' seams are glued with an adhesive that is a modified starch or natural glue (Browne, 1990).
Click here for newspaper articles well-nigh how communities are trying to reduce cigarette litter.
| Read all near cigarette butt litter! Click here to read an article that was published in the August 2000 result of the American Littoral Gild journal, The Underwater Naturalist. This article, by CVW'southward Executive Director Kathleen M. Register, includes background data, such equally the fact that 2.one billion pounds of cigarette filters were discarded worldwide in 1998, along with results of her research showing that leached chemicals from cigarette filters are deadly to the water flea Daphnia magna, a small crustacean at the lower end of, only important to the aquatic nutrient concatenation. | Students and Teachers: Are you interested in doing a science fair project on cigarette litter? Click here for ideas and data. |
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Compiled by Clean Virginia Waterways, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909
434-395-2602 Fax: 434-395-2825 Email: cleanva@longwood.edu
What Do Cigarette Filters Do,
Source: http://www.longwood.edu/cleanva/cigbuttfilters.htm
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